Pneumology and phthysiatry is a specialty, dealing with the treatment and prophylactics of respiratory system lesions, especially – the lungs. The most frequent lesions are: chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema; pneumoniae with all their varieties; pleuritis (viral, tuberculous, etc.); pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, malignat and benign lesions of respiratory system.